Carcinoid Tumors
Adenomas
Carcinoid Tumors
General
Low grade malignancies
About 10% metastasize
Most patients are under 50
Most common 1° lung tumor under age 16
Male to female ratio of 1:1
White to Black ratio of 25:1
Carcinoid Tumors
Carcinoid
Carcinoid—85%-95% of all adenomas
Kulchitsky cells=argentaffine cells
Part of APUD system (amine precursor uptake
and decarboxylation
Neurosecretory production of serotonin, ACTH
and bradykinin
Carcinoid Tumors
Other Types
Salivary gland types
Cylindromas—2X more common than
mucoepidermoids
Resembles salivary gland tumor
More malignant potential than carcinoid (25%)
Mucoepidermoid
Mixed
Carcinoid Tumors
Incidence—CAMP
Incidence of bronchial adenomas
C=carcinoid
A=adenoid cystic carcinoma=cylindroma
M=mucoepidermoid
P=pleiomorphic=mixed
Carcinoid Tumors
Location
About 80% are situated centrally
Cylindromas are always central
Peripheral adenomas
RUL, RML and lingula
Carcinoid Tumors
Clinical Findings
Hemoptysis (40-50%)
Atypical asthma
Persistent cough
Recurrent pneumonia
Asymptomatic (10%)
Carcinoid Tumors
X-Ray Findings
Atelectasis 2° bronchial obstruction, or
Pneumonia—are most common
Rarely may have obstructive emphysema
Carcinoid Tumors
X-Ray Findings
May be seen as discrete mass centrally-80%
Carcinoid
Cylindroma
Peripherally-20%
Carcinoid
Mucoepidermoid
May get bony metastases —usually blastic
Carcinoids and the Carcinoid Syndrome
Very few carcinoids of lung give rise to
Carcinoid Syndrome
Those that do always have widespread
metastases to the liver
Carcinoid Tumors
Prognosis
Overall prognosis: 75% 15-year survival
Associated with Cushing’s Disease
Rare